SMART Error Log codes(not attributes)
Posted: 22 Dec 2014 01:35
Hello,
I have looked at my SMART logs for my four hard disks in my array. I have two (formerly used in another drive) HDDs in a new array, all disks are UFS. I want to understand the error code logs(not attributes) in the smart log.
I had used these disks in a Lacie external drive, until the unit crashed. I took it apart and had to reformat the two hard drives, which I was able to do. One disk had errors, which "Windows 7" was able to correct. I decided to put these two disks into my Nas4free as a second array. My nas4free unit is a backup to my main backup which is a Synology server unit. I am interested in assessing the stability of the one disk that reported errors in the Windows error checking routine through Windows 7 OS. I have printed out my SMART logs from my nas4free also.
I have found the Wikipedia site that helps with the attributes codes; what I need help on is the error codes. If you look at what I have pasted in from my Smart log from my nas4free unit, you will see a line that states "SMART Error Log Version: 1". Below that line has some abbreviations and below all of the abbreviations are lines such as this:
----------------------------------
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 01 43 e3 ee 4e Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0eeee343 = 250536771
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
42 00 01 43 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:49.300 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 01 42 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:49.300 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 02 42 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:44.700 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 02 40 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:44.700 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 04 44 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:44.700 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
--------------------------------------
Could someone point me to a resource to understand these error logs immediately above, such as for error 9 that I have pasted into this note? The log lists error codes 9 to 5, and the part I do not understand, as I said, is for the error log and registers, not the Smart attributes. (See pasted in below)
Thank you, Debra
Smart log for HDD Hitachi ....KDA, pasted in here below this line:
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Hitachi Deskstar 7K1000.B
Device Model: Hitachi HDT721075SLA360
Serial Number: STF401MG0EEKDA
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000cca 348c61bbb
Firmware Version: ST4OA31B
User Capacity: 750,156,374,016 bytes [750 GB]
Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate: 7200 rpm
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is: SATA 2.6, 3.0 Gb/s
Local Time is: Sun Dec 21 19:18:04 2014 EST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x84) Offline data collection activity
was suspended by an interrupting command from host.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 9441) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x5b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
No Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 158) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x003d) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000b 100 100 016 Pre-fail Always - 0
2 Throughput_Performance 0x0005 133 133 054 Pre-fail Offline - 110
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0007 128 128 024 Pre-fail Always - 303 (Average 357)
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 1053
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 005 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000b 100 100 067 Pre-fail Always - 0
8 Seek_Time_Performance 0x0005 125 125 020 Pre-fail Offline - 33
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 2064
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0013 100 100 060 Pre-fail Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 310
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 1125
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 1125
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0002 157 157 000 Old_age Always - 38 (Min/Max 15/46)
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0022 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 1
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0008 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x000a 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 9 (device log contains only the most recent five errors)
CR = Command Register [HEX]
FR = Features Register [HEX]
SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
ER = Error register [HEX]
ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.
Error 9 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 2032 hours (84 days + 16 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 01 43 e3 ee 4e Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0eeee343 = 250536771
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
42 00 01 43 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:49.300 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 01 42 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:49.300 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 02 42 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:44.700 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 02 40 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:44.700 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 04 44 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:44.700 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
Error 8 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 2032 hours (84 days + 16 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 01 43 e3 ee 4e Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0eeee343 = 250536771
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
42 00 02 42 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:44.700 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 02 40 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:44.700 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 04 44 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:44.700 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 04 40 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:40.200 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 08 48 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:40.200 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
Error 7 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 2032 hours (84 days + 16 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 01 43 e3 ee 4e Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0eeee343 = 250536771
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
42 00 04 40 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:40.200 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 08 48 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:40.200 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 08 40 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:35.600 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 10 50 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:35.600 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 10 40 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:31.100 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
Error 6 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 2032 hours (84 days + 16 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 05 43 e3 ee 4e Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0eeee343 = 250536771
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
42 00 08 40 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:35.600 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 10 50 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:35.600 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 10 40 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:31.100 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 20 60 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:31.100 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 20 40 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:26.700 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
Error 5 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 2032 hours (84 days + 16 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 0d 43 e3 ee 4e Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0eeee343 = 250536771
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
42 00 10 40 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:31.100 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 20 60 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:31.100 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 20 40 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:26.700 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 40 80 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:26.700 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 40 40 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:22.300 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged. [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
I have looked at my SMART logs for my four hard disks in my array. I have two (formerly used in another drive) HDDs in a new array, all disks are UFS. I want to understand the error code logs(not attributes) in the smart log.
I had used these disks in a Lacie external drive, until the unit crashed. I took it apart and had to reformat the two hard drives, which I was able to do. One disk had errors, which "Windows 7" was able to correct. I decided to put these two disks into my Nas4free as a second array. My nas4free unit is a backup to my main backup which is a Synology server unit. I am interested in assessing the stability of the one disk that reported errors in the Windows error checking routine through Windows 7 OS. I have printed out my SMART logs from my nas4free also.
I have found the Wikipedia site that helps with the attributes codes; what I need help on is the error codes. If you look at what I have pasted in from my Smart log from my nas4free unit, you will see a line that states "SMART Error Log Version: 1". Below that line has some abbreviations and below all of the abbreviations are lines such as this:
----------------------------------
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 01 43 e3 ee 4e Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0eeee343 = 250536771
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
42 00 01 43 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:49.300 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 01 42 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:49.300 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 02 42 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:44.700 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 02 40 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:44.700 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 04 44 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:44.700 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
--------------------------------------
Could someone point me to a resource to understand these error logs immediately above, such as for error 9 that I have pasted into this note? The log lists error codes 9 to 5, and the part I do not understand, as I said, is for the error log and registers, not the Smart attributes. (See pasted in below)
Thank you, Debra
Smart log for HDD Hitachi ....KDA, pasted in here below this line:
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Hitachi Deskstar 7K1000.B
Device Model: Hitachi HDT721075SLA360
Serial Number: STF401MG0EEKDA
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000cca 348c61bbb
Firmware Version: ST4OA31B
User Capacity: 750,156,374,016 bytes [750 GB]
Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate: 7200 rpm
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is: SATA 2.6, 3.0 Gb/s
Local Time is: Sun Dec 21 19:18:04 2014 EST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x84) Offline data collection activity
was suspended by an interrupting command from host.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 9441) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x5b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
No Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 158) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x003d) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000b 100 100 016 Pre-fail Always - 0
2 Throughput_Performance 0x0005 133 133 054 Pre-fail Offline - 110
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0007 128 128 024 Pre-fail Always - 303 (Average 357)
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 1053
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 005 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000b 100 100 067 Pre-fail Always - 0
8 Seek_Time_Performance 0x0005 125 125 020 Pre-fail Offline - 33
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 2064
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0013 100 100 060 Pre-fail Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 310
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 1125
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 1125
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0002 157 157 000 Old_age Always - 38 (Min/Max 15/46)
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0022 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 1
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0008 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x000a 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 9 (device log contains only the most recent five errors)
CR = Command Register [HEX]
FR = Features Register [HEX]
SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
ER = Error register [HEX]
ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.
Error 9 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 2032 hours (84 days + 16 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 01 43 e3 ee 4e Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0eeee343 = 250536771
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
42 00 01 43 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:49.300 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 01 42 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:49.300 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 02 42 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:44.700 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 02 40 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:44.700 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 04 44 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:44.700 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
Error 8 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 2032 hours (84 days + 16 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 01 43 e3 ee 4e Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0eeee343 = 250536771
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
42 00 02 42 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:44.700 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 02 40 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:44.700 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 04 44 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:44.700 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 04 40 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:40.200 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 08 48 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:40.200 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
Error 7 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 2032 hours (84 days + 16 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 01 43 e3 ee 4e Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0eeee343 = 250536771
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
42 00 04 40 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:40.200 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 08 48 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:40.200 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 08 40 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:35.600 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 10 50 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:35.600 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 10 40 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:31.100 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
Error 6 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 2032 hours (84 days + 16 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 05 43 e3 ee 4e Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0eeee343 = 250536771
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
42 00 08 40 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:35.600 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 10 50 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:35.600 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 10 40 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:31.100 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 20 60 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:31.100 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 20 40 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:26.700 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
Error 5 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 2032 hours (84 days + 16 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 0d 43 e3 ee 4e Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0eeee343 = 250536771
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
42 00 10 40 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:31.100 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 20 60 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:31.100 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 20 40 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:26.700 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 40 80 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:26.700 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
42 00 40 40 e3 ee 40 00 01:08:22.300 READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged. [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.